A photo from open sources Many galaxies are known to rotate around supermassive black holes located at their centers. Weight these giants range from a million to several billion masses Of the sun. In addition, astronomers have discovered a large number of small black holes, whose mass is comparable to stellar. It is believed that they formed after the explosion of large bodies. At the same time, the question The formation of giant black holes is still unclear. According to one version, they could develop from germ holes medium sized weighing from several hundred to a million solar. However, so far only one such object has been known, and even that still have not received confirmation. Now, as scientists in in an article in Nature, a group of astronomers discovered a mass-intermediate black hole in the galaxy M82, known as A cigar located 12 million light-years from Earth. By by their nature, black holes themselves are invisible to instruments, but their presence can be detected by gravity, which they have on surrounding stars and clouds of gas, as well as by the bright glow of the material near their event horizon. Astronomer Dheeraj Pasham and his university colleagues Maryland studied the so-called ultra-bright X-ray Sources (ULX). It is believed that these objects are a system consisting of a star and a black hole devouring it. A constant stream of matter creates around the space predator accretion disk, where the material is heated to such a temperature, that starts to emit x-rays. One such sources, known as X-1, has already become the subject of several research. Too bright a glow suggested that this black hole has a mass of several hundred solar. But still since then there was no certainty about this. Over the past ten years, scientists found that the x-ray intensity of ULX is constant and often fluctuates, decreasing and increasing by 2-3 times. Usually the oscillation frequency of such objects varies from 100 to 300 flashes per second. The nature of this phenomenon remains incomprehensible, but it is reliably known that the greater the mass of a black hole, the slower it “pulsates.” Theoretical calculations showed that medium-mass black holes, x-ray vibrations should be several times less likely. Pasham’s team analyzed data on X-1 obtained using the orbital x-ray observatory RXTE from 1995 to 2012. Scientists have discovered that the rhythm the object is from 3.3 to 5 vibrations per second, which corresponds to a black hole whose mass is 428 times greater sunny. New results were mixed and spawned disputes in the scientific community. Some experts say that reliably judge the size of black holes by vibrations X-ray radiation is not allowed as long as it remains unclear the origin of these ripples. If the mass is determined correctly, then the question is how a black hole could grow so much. Supermassive black holes occupy the center of galaxies, where stars and gas are pulled together. But the X-1 is far from the center of the M82. Astronomers suggest that the object could appear in the center of the stellar accumulations, due to which he ate until he was ejected by the gravitational forces of massive stars.
Galaxy black hole
