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For decades, we tried to go into space, but until 2000 years our stay in orbit was usually temporary. However after after three astronauts moved to the International Space station for a four-month stay, this marked the beginning decade of the constant presence of man in space. After that as a trinity of astronauts settled on the ISS on November 2, 2000, one from NASA said: “We will go to space forever. First, people will circle around this ball, and then we will fly to Mars. “Why fly to Mars at all? Images from 1964 releases showed that Mars is a desert, lifeless planet, which, it would seem, has little to offer people. She has extremely subtle atmosphere and no signs of life. However, Mars infuses some optimism regarding the continuation of the human race. On the There are more than seven billion people on earth, and this number is constantly growing. Perhaps overpopulation or planetary catastrophe, and they force us to seek new homes in our solar system. Mars may offer us more than what the rover shows Curiosity. After all, there was water. Why mars? Mars has long attracted people and captured the imagination. how many books and films was created based on life on Mars and its development. Each story creates its own unique image. life that could settle on the red planet. What such in Mars, what makes it the subject of numerous stories? IN while Venus is called sisterly to Earth planet, the conditions on this ball of fire are extremely unsuitable for housing, although NASA planned to visit Venus with a passing excursion to Mars. On the other hand, Mars is closest to The earth. And even though today it’s a cold and dry planet, She has all the elements suitable for life, such as: Water, which frozen in the form of polar caps Carbon and oxygen in the form of dioxide Carbon Nitrogen There are amazing similarities between the Martian atmosphere. of today and the atmosphere that has been on Earth for billions of years back. When the Earth first formed, there was no planet oxygen and it looked like empty, unfit for life the planet. The atmosphere was completely carbon dioxide and nitrogen. And there was no oxygen until photosynthetic bacteria, developed on Earth did not produce enough oxygen for the possible development of animals. The subtle atmosphere of Mars is almost completely composed of carbon monoxide. This is the composition of the atmosphere of Mars: 95.3% carbon dioxide 2.7% nitrogen 1.6% argon 0.2% oxygen B the opposite of this earthly atmosphere is 78.1% of nitrogen, 20.9% oxygen, 0.9% argon and 0.1% carbon dioxide and other gases. As you can guess, any people who want to visit Mars tomorrow, have to drag enough oxygen and nitrogen to survive (we not breathing pure oxygen). However, the similarities of early atmospheres Earth and modern Mars led some scientists to suggest that the same processes that on Earth have processed most of carbon dioxide into breathable oxygen can be repeated and on Mars. To do this, thicken the atmosphere and create a greenhouse an effect that will heat the planet and provide a suitable habitat for plants and animals. 
Photos from open sources The average surface temperature of Mars is minus 62.77 degrees Celsius, and ranges from plus 23.88 degrees to minus 73.33 centigrade. For comparison, the average the temperature on Earth is 14.4 degrees Celsius. However, Mars There are several features that allow you to consider it in quality of future housing, such as: Circulation time – 24 hours 37 minutes (Earth: 23 hours 56 minutes) The inclination of the axis of rotation is 24 degrees (Earth: 23.5 degrees) Gravitational attraction – a third of the earth The red planet is close enough to the sun to to experience a change of seasons. Mars is about 50% further from Sun than Earth. Other worlds that are considered as possible candidates for terraforming, this is Venus, Europe (moon Jupiter) and Titan (moon of Saturn). However, Europe and Titan are too far from the sun, and Venus too close. Also, the average temperature on the surface of Venus is 482.22 degrees Celsius. Mars, like the Earth, stands apart in our solar system and can support life. Let’s find out how scientists plan turn the dry cold landscape of Mars into a warm and suitable for living habitat. Martian Greenhouses Terraforming Mars will be a tremendous process, if at all. Elementary stages can take several decades or centuries. Terraforming the entire planet into an earth-like form will take several thousand years. Some suggest tens of thousands of years. How do we turn dry desert land into a lush environment in which Can people, plants and other animals survive? Offer three Method: Large orbital mirrors that will reflect sunlight and heat the surface of Mars factories throwing ammonia full asteroids to the planet to increase gas levels NASA is currently developing engine based on a solar sail, which would allow to place large reflective mirrors in space. They will be located in several hundreds of thousands of kilometers from Mars and will reflect sunlight on a small portion of the surface of Mars. The diameter of such a mirror should be about 250 kilometers. Such a thing will weigh about 200 000 tons, so it’s better to collect it in space, and not on Earth. 
Photos from open sources 
Photo from open sources If you direct such a mirror to Mars, it can increase the temperature of a small area by several degrees. The bottom line is to focus them on polar caps, to melt ice and release carbon dioxide, which, like believed to be trapped in ice. For many years a rise in temperature will release greenhouse gases, like chlorofluorocarbon (CFC), which you can find in your air conditioning or refrigerator. Another option for thickening the atmosphere Mars, and hence the increase in temperature on the planet, is construction of factories producing greenhouse gases operating on solar powered. People are good at releasing tons of greenhouse gases into their own atmosphere, which some say lead to global warming. The same thermal effect can play a good joke on Mars if you create hundreds of such factories. Their only goal will be to produce chlorofluorocarbon, methane, carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. Factories by greenhouse gas production will either be sent to Mars, or created already on the surface of the red planet, and it will take years. To transport these machines to Mars, they must be light and effective. Then the greenhouse cars will imitate the natural process of plant photosynthesis by inhaling carbon dioxide and exhaling oxygen. It will take many years, but gradually the atmosphere Mars will be saturated with oxygen, so astronauts will be able to wear only breathing apparatus, not squeezing suits. Instead of or in addition to these greenhouse machines can be used photosynthetic bacteria. 
Photos from open sources There is a more extreme method landscaping of Mars. Christopher Mackay and Robert Zurin proposed bombard Mars with large icy asteroids with ammonia to generate tons of greenhouse gases and water on the red planet. Rockets with nuclear engines should be tied to asteroids from the outer part of our solar system. They will move asteroids at a speed of 4 km / s for a dozen years, and then turn off and let an asteroid weighing ten billion tons fall on Mars. The energy that is released in the process of falling, estimated at 130 million megawatts. This is enough to to feed the Earth with electricity for ten years. If there is the ability to smash an asteroid of this size on Mars, the energy of one collisions would raise the temperature on the planet by 3 degrees Celsius. A sudden increase in temperature will cause melting around trillion tons of water. Several such missions in fifty years could to create the desired temperature climate and cover 25% with water the surface of the planet. However bombardment by asteroids that release energy equivalent to 70,000 megaton hydrogen bombs, will lead to a delay in human settlement for many centuries. Although we we can reach Mars in the next decade, terraforming take thousands of years. It took the billions of years for the earth to turn into a planet on which plants can thrive and animals. Transforming the terrain of Mars into terrestrial – extremely complex project. It will be many centuries before human the ingenuity and work of hundreds of thousands of people will be able to breathe life into cold and deserted red world.
Venus Water Time Life Mirrors Moon Mars ISS NASA Plants Sun solar system
