After people conquered the moon, they uttered a heap historical phrases, and astronaut Alan Shepard played lunar golf, the next challenge to humanity was Mars. Bye space powers compete for the right to hoist their flag on the surface first Red planet, real people are preparing for the flight. With which Will they face stressful situations? Or maybe they’ll go crazy? AND will they remain people in the full sense of the word? COSMONAUTS WAITING FOR SYMBOLIC DEATH But why do people all of a sudden needed to fly to Mars? If the lunar race between the USA and the USSR at all respect for scientific experience was more political in nature, that taming the God of war may have a very practical purpose. Scientists who are researching the fourth planet, conclude that once upon a time she had the same atmosphere as and on earth. On Mars there were rivers, seas, lakes, vegetation, but this completely disappeared. Maybe Mars is the future of the Earth? Series revolutionary experiments that can only be done on this planet must answer this question.
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And scientists are looking towards Mars, fearing asteroids, threatening the earth. Who knows, maybe someday the fear will become the reason that apple trees bloom in this red ice dust? By opinion of the famous St. Petersburg psychoanalyst Dmitry Olshansky, the colonization of Mars presents a number of people intractable psychological problems. “If the ultimate goal the project is the colonization of the red planet then similar travel will be a one-way trip. That is, the first migrants will have to say goodbye forever, not only to their near and dear, but also with the Earth and with the way of life that people on it. This is a kind of “symbolic death”, which astronauts will have to survive. With all means of communication and mechanical simulators, they will never see earthlings again and will not will be able to feel earthly life. On the one hand, they stop be part of humanity, on the other hand, they endure the human form of being on another planet, “- says Dmitry Olshansky. QUESTION QUESTION With the advent of private capital in space exploration manned flight to Mars in the foreseeable future gains more and more real outlines. American billionaire and first space tourist Dennis Tito is determined to sponsor expedition to Mars. It is planned that the flight will take place on January 5 2018 year. The spacecraft will reach Mars on August 20 same year. The experiment itself will end on May 21, 2019.
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According to preliminary data, the cost of the mission will be five hundred million dollars. And the one-time incarnation will be SpaceX launch vehicle of the Falcon RN family. First manned flight to Mars does not involve walks on the surface the planet. The crew will only fly around the Red Planet and will observe it from a distance of one hundred kilometers. At this stage of development humanity has all the scientific, technical and financial Opportunities for an expedition to Ares. All those problems with which the Martian voyage is paired: damage to equipment, ionizing radiation, one way or another will be resolved, but time is a player who does not on the side of people. 500 AND 1 DAY OF ZEROGRESSION Haste with flight to Mars well founded. It is connected not only with desire as much as possible deliver a person faster to the Red Planet. The thing is that the year 2018 is the so-called Great Confrontation. It was at this time that Mars would be extremely close to Earth. Next once “confront” us this militant world will be only in 2031 year. Flight to Mars and back will take 501 days. Previous record the longest space flight belongs to the Russian cosmonaut Valery Polyakov-437 days. But long lasting isolation plus a half-hour delay in communication with the Earth can put pressure on the psyche of even the strongest of space “nuts”. Sociopsychologist Evgeny Yakushev believes that psychological problems are inevitable stand in front of the crew. The point is to astronauts Learned how to effectively resolve them within the ship. “Psychological problems can arise for a variety of reasons, but the main one is internal discord, when, for example, one of the crew members suddenly raises his personal desires above group. Therefore, it is very important that such things are here but resolved – this is a complete relationship and complement each other in mental and physical properties, “- said the specialist. Dmitry Olshansky is convinced: communication problems with crew members should not arise: “With the problems of isolated groups, psychologists worked for a long time, including in various kinds of expeditions, and in correctional institutions, and in special psychological projects for astronauts, whom since 1967 in our country conducted over twelve.
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Such phenomena as psychological overload, assimilation of a new information and new rules of behavior, internal dynamics, aggression, conflicts, the struggle for leadership, etc., have long been studied, predictable and solvable as much as they can be solved remotely. “The psychoanalyst believes that the main difficulty Martian expedition is fraught with problems that are here – on Earth – it’s even impossible to foresee. So it becomes incomprehensible to what, in fact, to prepare the “Columbus space”. Another specialist Evgeny Yakushev sure – in many respects on the quality of crew selection the success of the mission depends: “The most difficult and at the same time important task consists in picking up crew members so that they were arranged like organs in a single body. Where everyone an individual crew member would perform his function not only as a specialist, but also had innate mental properties that would be complementary to other crew members, or rather, their properties of the psyche. Because it’s so complicated and long the expedition as a flight to Mars will require all participants to complete recoil. A ship is literally a living organism with its own cells, organs, subsystems and a common body. Therefore selection team members must be very thorough. ” SHOULDERS – A NEW RACE? Most real applicants for Martian expedition called a married couple from the USA McCallum and Jane Poynter. Spouses already have experience of long stay in a confined space when in 1991-1993. they are took part in the experiment “Biosphere-2”. Plus or minus for the Martian expedition, psychologists do not dare to judge unambiguously. On the one hand, people who have known each other for a long time, already learned to coexist together. The other side of the coin can become problems typical of all couples. According to Yakushev, love alone is not enough. Important psychological partner compatibility. “Spouses should also be arranged by their innate mental properties to be complemented by a friend friend, not just a married couple. Simply put, the eye should see, legs – walk, ears – hear. Then no one will annoy each other, “says the sociopsychologist.
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Dmitry Olshansky, in turn, is sure that everything depends on expedition goals. In a manned flight scheduled for 2018 year, there is no fundamental difference whether crew members will be spouses or not. If in the future humanity decides to inhabit Mars, then couples created on Earth will be able to find a common language on Red the planet. “I think that if the goal is to give rise to a new population, then, of course, it’s better if you go on a trip already established couples, “the psychoanalyst notes. By the way, if scientific progress will go so far that Mars really will be colonized, children born on the Red Planet will be not at all like on Earth. “The interest of anthropologists will be linked with subsequent generations of immigrants. Children born on Mars do not will be similar to humans either physiologically or mentally, and this poses not only a number of questions of psychology, but also anthropology, philosophy and bioethics. What modifications are appropriate and humane expose the body and soul of man, and what will be the actions against human nature? Yes, and what is considered a “human” form of being, if both the body, and feelings, and language undergo such transformation? Will the Martians become a new human race or a new species along with Homo sapiens? “- is set in question, Dmitry Olshansky. So will life be on Mars or will not – this, as they say, is unknown to science. Disputes about it will subside only when another Neil Armstrong makes his “a huge step for mankind”, but already on the Martian dust. But sooner or later – it will happen. And who knows, maybe the fourth planet from the Sun will be the second refuge for all earthlings? NAKED SCIENCE April, 2013
Time Life Colonization Moon Mars
