A photo from open sources
In KOI-351, the orbits of all seven planets coexist in space, twenty times smaller than the earth’s path from the Sun more compact than our system! Moreover, the discoverers of the seventh exoplanets warn that perhaps this is not the last find. As you recall, volunteers with astronomy Planethunters.org noticed slight fluctuations in the luminosity of the star KIC 4862625, located 5 thousand light-years from us in the constellation Swan, – and there they found the first known planet with the system immediately four stars. Since then, the community’s efforts have been regularly audible. discoveries with the last series of which we would like to see you to introduce. 
Photos from open sources Now imagine all this a collection (without Neptune) inside the Earth’s orbit. Twenty times more compact than in our system! (Illustration of Shutterstock.) Joseph Schmitt (Joseph Schmitt) from Yale and amateur astronomer Daryll Lacourse reports the discovery by a transit method of 14 new candidates for the planet, found in the Kepler archives. And not one was tagged professionals as “an object of possibly planetary nature”, and special Kepler Transit Planet Search search algorithm, designed to automate such work, missed five of them. Why? Fluctuations in luminosity make it relatively easy to search “automatically” exoplanets only in the system of one star. Where stars two, three or four, fluctuations can be much more difficult, therefore, to distinguish planets from their background can be difficult (according to at least for algorithms). Lovers – thanks to their multiplicity – able to manually process such a quantity materials that can’t be shoveled often by professionals, and the ability to analyze in nontrivial conditions is obviously higher than algorithmized search. So what kind of exoplanets were discovered this time: eight are in the habitable zone of their stars, and two “live” in systems with already known planets. The discovery of one of them is especially interesting in this sense: before that, in KOI-351 six planets were found, so now we can talk about the first system of seven planets (recorded by Kepler). Still the candidate for seven-planet systems (HD 10180) has been announced only on HARPS spectrograph database using a completely different exoplanet detection method. In addition, “hunters for planets, “only six HARPS bodies have a confirmed status, while while in seven planets KOI-351 authors of the work in question “firmly convinced.” At first glance, this “at least the seven-planet “system is similar to ours. The star there is a little larger The sun has a surface temperature of 6,000 K. The first five planets in it are “super-lands” and “mini-Neptunes”. A little further is a pair of gas giants. But the similarities are distant and deceptively: all seven candidates rotate no further than one astronomical unit from its star (0.98 AU), and the most close is at 0.075 a. e. (11 million km) from the star! Other in words, they are driven into an area that would fit between us The Sun and the Earth, and the seventh body is twenty times closer to the star than Uranus (seventh planet of the Sun). Separate planets – two bodies the size of the Earth – have orbits remote from each other by less than 2 million km, that is, in the night sky, each of them shines the same bright like our moon. Freshly discovered planet with a radius of 2.8 Earth (mini neptune), has a 125-day rotation period; she is fifth the account of the luminary; still transits prevented her from finding as before the planet, and beyond. Once again: this is the first so tightly populated exoplanetary system. In the mentioned HD 10180 the most a distant planet is 3.5 ao away from its star. e., that is, in several times further than in the KOI-351. Think about it: the distance from the closest to the farthest of the orbits of all seven planets is less than 140 million km, an average of about 20 million km between the “neighbors”! We have an average the distance between orbits is measured in hundreds of millions of kilometers, and even the closest neighbors are separated at best, 40-50 million km. It might seem that having two gas giants next to five planets smaller than Neptune should destabilize over time orbits of the latter. However, the attempts of the “planet hunters” to simulate the evolution of such a system showed that, despite the terrible “tightness”, communal neighbors do not interfere too much with each other, and over the next 100 million years, the system looks stable. With all these ideal conditions for interplanetary flights, hardly anyone will be able to use them. Not open candidate planets, nor even on their satellites with habitability has not yet it smells: they are too close to the luminary, so that in the absence overcast support life on earth. True how study authors note, KOI-351 will still require increased attention, since in multi-planet formations of this type at first they find only “near” exoplanets. A hypothetical (more not open) bodies can well stand farther from the star, so getting into the habitable zone. 
Photo from open sources Nowadays, an illustration for one or another the system often becomes outdated even before its creation: in this diagram only five planets, although now there are seven. Nonetheless internal and external borders have not changed. Earth is shown for comparison. (blue), Venusian (orange) and Mercury (red) orbits. Among other newly discovered planets, there are eight bodies formally lying in habitable zones, however, in size they resemble “super-earths” only one or two. The rest are referred to as “mini-Neptunes,” where even being in the habitable zone can contribute to the development of life only on large satellites such as our Titan or Europe. New the work brings a general list of open planet candidates community Planethunters.org, up to 60, which, given the time limit, for that this was done seems a worthy achievement.
Time Life Neptune Sun Exoplanets
