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As you know, almost all famous scientists and artists to one degree or another suffered from mental disorder. Among them – Charles Darwin, Blaise Pascal, Albert Einstein, Nikolai Gogol, Hans Christian Andersen, Alexander Blok … Experts believe that their behavior showed clear signs of autism. But how is it was related to their abilities? Alien Kids “Term “autism” was introduced in 1912 by Swiss psychiatrist Eugene Bloiler. This is a complex neurobiological the disorder usually manifests itself in children under the age of three years and characterized primarily by developmental retardation and reluctance make contact with others. Pathology is found in approximately one to six children per thousand. The causes of autism are not completely understood. identified. Some experts (and most of them) believe that autism has genetic roots, others claim it is social factors: adverse living conditions, improper attitude parents to the child. Psychologist Natalya Fil believes that in most cases of autism occur in children who have appeared on light as a result of severe pregnancy and childbirth. At birth such children are usually recognized as normal, and the first signs of autism found in them between the ages of three to four months to two seconds half years old. In boys, it occurs four times more often than in girls. – The autistic child does not smile, does not show positive emotions at the age of six months or more, says Natalya Fil. -Does not repeat sounds after adults, does not babble at the age of one year. Does not make ordinary gestures – in a year does not point a finger, does not waving a pen goodbye. Doesn’t know any words in age sixteen months old and does not utter meaningful phrases at the age of two years. It happens that autism appears a little later, when the child suddenly stops talking and reacting to surrounding. He can only play all alone, while always arranges toys in the same order – for example, by color. External signs of an autistic child: the baby has a fixed face, he does not look in the eyes, you do not understand his gestures … children, if they can speak, are usually monotonous, as if they repeat the memorized text. Often they tend to reproduce strangers words like an echo, without thinking about their meaning, can repeatedly repeat the same action. In other words, an autistic child напоминает маленького робота… 
A photo from open sources According to the theory of Swiss neuroscientists Camilla and Henry Markram. autism develops due to an overabundance of information, which the child is not able to digest. As a result of “leaving in shell “becomes a kind of protective reaction. Even behavior pattern characteristic of autistic children – monotony movements – can be nothing more than an attempt to stabilize the world. How to behave to parents an alien child? “That’s what a child psychologist advises, Specialist in preschool education Natalya Antonova: 1. Before just while the baby is small, let him live on his own schedule: let him decide when to walk, eat, sleep or play. If you impose your “correct” regime on him, it may reinforce deviations in behavior. 2. If the child has successfully dealt with any task, praise him. Encourage any-normal ” act. 3. An autistic child needs individual corrective exercises with specialists. If explicit signs of autism, do not try to give your child to an ordinary child garden or school: he will not be able to adapt there. But in the institution, specializing in the education and training of children with similar problems, they will help him to adapt at least a little to normal of life. In the world of irritants, autism is not a form at all. mental disability, autistic intelligence may be on several orders of magnitude higher than that of the average individual, psychologists consider. Autistic people often show outstanding abilities in one or several areas. Most often this is due to their phenomenal memory. American psychologist Michael Kisin claims that autistic children have been characterized by increased sensitivity. This sometimes gives them uncomfortable sensations. 
Фотоfrom open sources, therefore, autists usually shun society – for them, communication with other people can be simply unbearable due to the abundance of external stimuli, such as sounds and smells. Isolation from the outside world does not allow the autist to gain experience, necessary for survival, and therefore, despite extensive intellectual knowledge, in a practical sense, such a person often helpless or inappropriate. So one a friend of the author of this article has achieved great scientific and professional success, knew nine foreign languages, but with I couldn’t get hold of a computer and a mobile phone, and besides constantly suffering from unpleasant odors, which no one but him, did not feel … Syndrome “Rain Man” A typical example autistic genius – recently passed away American Kim Peak, who became prototype of the protagonist in the famous Barry Levinson movie -Man rain. “Kim Peak suffered from the so-called” syndrome savant. “He possessed outstanding knowledge in fifteen different areas of human activity: history, geography, literature, music, math, sports, and so on. But it was absolutely incapable of independent life, could not do basic household items – dress, turn on and turn off the light … Kim was born with a disproportionately large head. Doctors have discovered boy hydrocephalus – dropsy of the brain. Usually such children suffer from dementia. But Peak’s case was completely different. His right and the left cerebral hemispheres were not disconnected from each other, like most people, but they were one. Maybe this and became the cause of his extraordinary talents. At the age of one and a half years Kim effortlessly memorized the text of any read aloud to him. books. He started talking early, but he began to walk only at four of the year. By the same age, the boy already knew how to handle numbers – add and subtract. Learning to read, Kim read and remembered more than nine thousand books by heart. His favorite pastime was reading telephone and address directories, the contents of which he also easy to remember. The last twenty years, Kim Peak earned to life by giving lectures, traveling all over America. People marveled at his amazing abilities. In 1996, father Kim has published a book about his son called The Real Rain Man. ” Researchers have noticed that over the years Peak’s talents manifested themselves brighter. And his behavior has changed somewhat. Father Kim said that his son stopped avoiding large crowds, he appeared a kind of sense of humor, he began to read fiction, and was able to distinguish literary fiction from reality. At the California Science Center bioinformatic studies of life in outer space NASA conducted a three-dimensional scan of the brain of Kim Peak methods of computerized tomography and magnetic resonance Images. The obtained images were compared with those in 1988 did by examining Kim, a neuropsychiatrist at the University of Utah. It turned out that in recent years, Peak’s brain activity significantly intensified. It can be assumed that this is – the result of an increase in the number of contacts with the outside world. Of course, not all geniuses are autistic, just as not all autistic people are geniuses. But researchers in any case have something to think about. Irina SHLIONSKAYA
A life
