A photo from open sources
In the summer of 2006, the whole world flew around the message of a number news agencies as if American researchers going to organize an expedition to the North Pole with purpose … to penetrate deep into the Earth, proving that it is hollow. An inquisitive person who decided to find out what is in the center Earth, greatly surprised to learn that academic science has only versions of the Earth’s structure that are taught at school, but probably doesn’t know anything.
And some pundits even lean in favor of the hollow version Earth and the real existence of the underground inhabited world. To tell how everything really is, the famous agreed traveler, geologist, leader of the Russian Biogen expedition Alexander Borisovich Hurwitz. D.S .: Alexander Borisovich, so that is it under our feet? A.G .: No matter how surprising it is sounds, no one can now answer this question for certain living people. To reveal the true picture of the structure of our planet – the task is very important, but no less difficult. It is important because will allow scientists to uncover the laws of natural phenomena occurring in the depths of the earth. In turn, knowledge of these laws will allow predict natural disasters in advance because tornadoes, earthquakes and tsunamis are just an echo of the deep Earth phenomena. Moreover, over the past 25 years, these phenomena in a different form affected a good half of the inhabitants of the globe. Number dead from natural disasters is increasing annually by 4.5%, victims – by 8.5%, and economic losses are growing by 11%. The complexity of disaster prediction is that all attempts to penetrate deep into the earth with the help of mines stopped on depth of 3 km. Mountain strikes blocked the way ahead: emissions ore gas and ball lightning. As for deep drilling, the record was only 12.2 km, while up to the estimated the center of the Earth remained as much as 6300 km. D.S .: So what prevents to drill a well right to the center of the earth and find out what is there is? A.G .: Surprisingly, we know about the structure of space much more than what is under our feet. Though Attempts to penetrate the mantle of the Earth have been undertaken more than once. The first two superdeep wells were drilled in Louisiana in North America. Fearing possible contingencies, project managers equipped the well with casing pipes meter diameter, going to a depth of 1 km, with three powerful automatic emergency shutters. Near the rig special concrete plant, which in the event of an accident would serve quick-hardening solution in the casing. To a depth of 9 km well drilling went as usual. But now they started to appear deeper signs of internal pressure, and the mud is “polluted” hydrogen sulfide. Drillers, immediately began to joke that they had drilled to the underworld. And here, as if in confirmation of their words, from the depths 9.6 km of molten sulfur poured out of the well, and drifts began lose consciousness. Fortunately, automatic protection worked. The emergency shutters closed. And the concrete plant provided the supply special solution in the casing – the wells were plugged. DS: But this is the West, and our scientists tried to “get to the underworld “? A.G .: Since all these experiments took place in last century, then, of course, the USSR could not help but respond to the challenge and also tried to drill several superdeep wells, but also domestic drillers suffered the same sad fate. During drilling the Kumzha-9 well on the Pechora River in the Arkhangelsk Region despite the favorable forecast of geophysicists from a depth of 7 km from the wellhead unexpectedly hit a powerful fountain of gas, oil and drilling mud. Yes, so much that the drill just “flew” into the zone abnormally high reservoir pressure. Pipes from a drilling rig scattered like pasta from a pan. Immediately hit a torch high 150 meters. Come closer than half a kilometer did not seem possible even in the overalls of a fireman. We tried to extinguish the torch tanks unsuccessfully. He buzzed like a jet engine. As a result of it managed to repay only with the help of underground nuclear explosions. For This drilled an inclined well towards the emergency shaft. They brought up a nuclear mine on it and blew it up at a depth of 1.5 hm. An underground chamber formed and the lateral pressure zone blocked trunk “Kumzhi”. When the torch from the emergency mine was asleep, in place the rig rose 76 meters high. It is on a steel skeleton the rigs froze and turned into ceramics clay mud, like after a year of firing. It is a pity that it was then demolished. D.S .: It is strange that in this case there was no sulfur. Really deeper than 7-8 kilometers failed to dive deep into the Earth? A.G .: Well why so? The most instructive for geologists, geophysicists and even biologists became an example of an ultra-deep well on the so-called SGS-3, located on the Kola Peninsula in the vicinity of the village of Nickel. At this mine, the world’s still unrivaled record of drilling to a depth of 12.3 km. Work on choosing a place for the SGS-3 conducted a special institute of geophysics with a total number of employees 5000 people, and in the mine itself in the Soviet years 520 worked people, today there are only about 50 of them left. After the “enlightenment” a plot of 3 square meters. km to the estimated drilling depth of -30 km lowered the first drill. According to preliminary data, sinkers should were to lift to the surface samples or cores consisting of basalt mineral, and, the deeper, the denser it should have been sample – core. Subject to the weather conditions of the Arctic above the oil rig built a closed case in the form of a bell tower 102 m high. All working areas of the rig were automated and mechanized by in the best way, and between all divisions established telephone and radio communications. The “bell tower” is controlled by microphones. Up to 7 km, drilling proceeded normally. The only “but” was the increase in temperature from deep penetration. Surprises began at a depth of 7.5 km. Bottom temperature where the drill directly came into contact with basalt, grew to 100 degrees, and the density of samples raised to the surface decreased by 20%. It definitely spoke of approaching to the voids. During the analysis of a sample of geochemistry found in it various gases (hydrogen, helium) and biologists – unknown bacteria. Since the bacteria were dead, they were called aerophobic, i.e. fearful of air. We tried to get new ones samples of bacteria, but suddenly the drill jammed tightly. Right here proceeded to sinking the second trunk. And at a depth of 8 km the temperature has risen to 120 degrees. Cores became porous, quantity bacteria has increased and – again an accident. However no one stop drilling He didn’t want to, because it was about prestige of the state. Ordinary steel the pipes were replaced by new drills made of high strength steel made of molybdenum, diamond grains were replaced with artificial elbor material that surpassed diamond in fire resistance, strength and hardness. Finally, the seventh wellbore reached a depth of 12,240 meters. And then the inexplicable happened. At night, when there were only an engineer on duty, a mechanic and electrician, the drill jammed again, the machine fell silent and suddenly created the silence was broken by a strange noise from the well. Something very fast ascended the trunk from the depths of the Earth to the surface. Suddenly there was a light clap and something flew out of the casing … Each of the three witnesses to this event saw something of his own: a shadow, a cat and lay down / smell the mouse. At the same time, an incomprehensible creature cursed loudly, climbed in a spiral to the top of the drill “bell tower”, and then, planning back down, scurried down into the well. D.S .: Looks like sci-fi joke. Maybe people just something dreamed of overwork? A.G .: Of course, everything was possible would blame on human hallucinations but microphones recorded incident from start to finish. The event was so extraordinary that it was reported on Mayak radio, and appeared in the Trud newspaper A short note describing this incident. And mind you all occurred in the eighties in the materialistic USSR. By the way today sounds of the underworld from the well can be heard on a special, however, English-language website on the Internet. D.S .: What what happened next? A.G .: Unfortunately … nothing. All information went to unknown archives, the crew of tunnels was disbanded, and all registration records have been sent to state security. Until 1992 on SGS-3 still tried to continue drilling, but to go further 12262 did not managed. DS: So what is the main problem of all explorers of the Earth’s depths? Why, time after time, they stumble upon insurmountable difficulties in understanding the bowels of the earth? A.G .: Passers in all cases of super-deep drilling, they acted competently and professionally. The error lay in the original controversial hypothesis of Earth structure. Real, Scientific Instrumental Learning Earth’s structure began only at the beginning of the 20th century with the emergence and the development of the science of seismology and the invention of the seismograph, which could to record on a paper tape oscillations of the earth’s surface or waves that propagate in an elastic medium, i.e. in the rocks, stones the sand. But the American scientist G.F. Reed who is one of the first began to use a seismograph to record earth surface from artificially created earthquakes, saw that with an increase in the depth of the earth’s rocks elastic vibration waves increases. Then another American scientist X. Richard conducted tests on the speed of propagation of these waves on rock samples, on limestone, on granite, on basalt. It turned out that the speed of distribution of topics more the more one cubic centimeter of sample weighs. Then there is, in basalt the speed of the elastic wave is 2 times greater than in limestone. Combining the results of observations and experiments, both scientists husband concluded that the lungs lie on the surface of the Earth rocks, and in the back heavy. DS: It looks logical. A.G .: Yes, such a scientific interpretation of the structure of the upper layers of the globe I really liked geologists, mineralogists and petrographs. But the fact that rock samples were delivered to raid laboratories from mines with a depth of only 300 meters, no one had any questions, since none of them looked deeper. D.S .: Really in the beginning of the XX century, during the period of rapid development of technological progress, no scientists were able to challenge the allegations of the Americans? Such scientists, of course, were. One of them is world famous. Academician Vladimir Obruchev. He developed the theory of a hollow earth. But to at this point, the reid-reed concept was so generally accepted orthodox science from geology that Obruchev was able to convey his discovery to people only thanks to his novel “Plutonium”, a very popular in the Soviet years in the USSR. The theory reflected in the novel, was a version that the Earth is not a homogeneous body, but a hollow the ball inside which a dwarf floats in zero gravity is a small the sun, whose density is hundreds of thousands of times greater than weight basalt. DS: But this is fantastic! Everyone knows that the core The earth is made up of iron and nickel that create around the earth a magnetic field. A.G .; Indeed this is being taught today in high school, but already at universities professors say that in the nucleus also has nuclear reactions, which in theory should destroy the magnetic field. In this model, the Earth is represented as cooling and calming ball, and occurring periodically volcanic eruptions and earthquakes are the latest convulsions the planet. DS: So Obruchev was wrong? A.G .: Just vice versa. He was close to unraveling the secrets of the Earth’s core like no one other. New science peremptorily confirms Obruchev’s hypothesis – ether dynamics. Before him, at the end of the XVII century he talked about this. Edmund Halley, named after a comet that frightens the population Earth every 76 years. He claimed that our planet represents are three spheres embedded in one another, which may well be populated. The famous Leonard Euler adhered to the same version, who, solving equations of celestial mechanics, calculated that the Earth – hollow. DS: So still, which version seems to you the most interesting? A.G .: Before receiving verified empirically it’s definitely impossible to talk about results. But on the other parties today it is clear that modern fundamental theories raise more questions than answers. Most attractive probably the theory of the German physicist and geologist Peter Paul many years trying to create a unified theory of origin and development Of the earth. He rejects how, theories based on speed comparison the passage of seismic waves deep into the earth, and assumptions about fusion taking place in the center of the earth since lava is not has increased radioactivity. The scientist believes that initially there was a certain energy-information sphere around which first formed a frame on which subsequently occurred synthesis of matter, magma appeared, and the planet found a body. And then all went according to the principle of growth of rings on a cut of a tree or a multilayer pirogue. First, the atmosphere and the earth’s crust are formed, divided emptiness. Then follows the inner mantle, followed by the outer mantle, then again the earth’s crust, where we live, and again the atmosphere. The most entertaining is that the inner layers may well be located: mountains, rivers, forests, mineral deposits. And the layers themselves too maybe a few. Therefore, the legends of gnomes that have gone underground whole civilizations may well be, according to the scientist, reality. By the way, his version is very competently strung on himself many theories of the structure of the Earth, both western and domestic. Paul even suggested ideal locations for drilling entrances to the inner layers of the Earth, they, in his opinion, are in the region … The North Pole, where the magma layer is very small at the edges of the pole, and at Himself, according to the scientist, is absent altogether! D.S .: I wanted so that the last word would still be for our scientists. To what incline domestic luminaries of science? A.G .: In Russia, like me already said, a whole scientific school was developed, united model of the Earth’s structure – ether dynamics. According to this theory, which combines the scientific facts of all previously developed scientific models of the Earth’s structure, our planet is in constant energy-information exchange with the universe. Scientifically proven to Earth from all over the cosmos flies light from the stars, which solar panels converted to electrical energy. Together with it goes to the Earth a stream of protons or proton gas, which scientists They call it the ethereal wind. Further along the faults in the earth’s crust, along cracks in the lithosphere, he penetrates the womb of the Earth and it … grows! Its weight, according to some sources, is increasing by 500 tons each. give me a sec. Of course, due to this, the distance between by the continents: it is proved that every year America swims away from Europe by 2 cm. Therefore, fans of ether dynamics are convinced that the Earth inside filled with dense ether and hollow. But closer to surface from dense ether plasma-fragments of atoms are formed, which then form the plasmasphere, which in turn are minerals, floating in magma or mantle, and then everything is classical taught at school theory: there are plates of the lithosphere, on which we you and live. “Interesting newspaper. The world of the unknown” №3 2013
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