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Lack of sleep is very difficult for most people to tolerate. Wakefulness torture was used in ancient Rome. She used in the Middle Ages in order to force to confess to crimes that were not committed for “exile demons. “It was also applied at a later time in Germany, in dungeons of the Gestapo, in prisons of the USSR in the 30s of the XX century. People sometimes themselves deprived of sleep for some lofty purpose. For instance, Gilgamesh, the hero of the epic of ancient Mesopotamia, had to stay awake six days and six nights to become immortal. But his dream overpowered, and he remained among the mortals. Those who tried were also awake to achieve a deeper self-contemplation. In the monasteries of the Middle East monks were not supposed to sleep more than 3-4 hours, since evening service ended well after midnight, and morning It started at 4 in the morning.
Many ascetic philosophers praised the struggle with sleep, as considered the time spent in a dream as lost, wasted. To achieve their goal, they, for example, put stones under his head instead of pillows. A certain Peter from Alcantara, who during his rest laid his head on a sharp stake, never slept more than an hour and a half a day, and so for forty years old. At the end of the 18th century, the German poet and mystic No-Walis praised insomnia, believing that “the less we sleep, the more we are approaching perfection. “Sleep deprivation experiences are unique an opportunity for modern researchers to penetrate secrets regulatory mechanisms and sleep function. They were first held in 80s of the XIX century by the Russian physiologist M.M. Manassein on puppies. They were repeated several times later. Turned out to be the most remarkable world record set by 17-year-old student from California Randy Gardner in 1965. He spent most of his time with the company two of his friends, all the while trying (with increasing difficulties) keep him awake. On days 4-5, Randy became irritable and suspicious. He had hallucinations and memory impairment. It is especially difficult to stay awake at night – he developed severity and pain over the centuries, he began to lose interest in continuation of the experiment. Towards the end of the press and television experience he warmed up this interest, and 11 days after the start of the experiment Randy held his last press conference where he could cut a lovely figure out of wood. When asked how he managed to set a new world record for lack of sleep, he replied: “It was a victory of spirit over matter.” He did not sleep 264 hours 12 minutes and after that fell into a deep sleep in the laboratory by sleep study at a naval hospital in San Diego. Sleeping 14 40 hours, he was almost healthy. Randy Gardner lost almost 90 hours of sleep, but after the experience he slept for only 7 hours longer than usual. Due to what phases of sleep did this happen Amazingly effective recovery? This question has been answered back in 1959, exploring another record holder. One of the first record holders for a complete lack of sleep in the experiment was New York radio commentator Peter Tripp. In 1959, he did not sleep in for eight days – 201 hours. After the third sleepless day nightmares began to haunt him and memory failures were observed. He took ink stains and reflections of light on a desk for insects, and the studio seemed to him completely filled with rabbits. After a hundred hours without sleep, Tripp was on the verge of madness. He forgot his name, profession and place. It seemed to him that from the drawers of the desk break out flames, and the doctor, on who was wearing a corduroy suit, seemed to him clung to hairy caterpillars. He got rid of his nightmares only after I slept 13 hours in a row. Total duration of fast sleep compared to its duration in an ordinary dream increased three times. The duration of deep slow sleep over time almost doubled – it was he who increased the intensity of sleep. When subjects were selectively deprived of REM sleep, then in recovery period, the brain sought to catch up with him previous absence. But this did not happen to everyone, and perhaps was associated with personality traits of the subjects. Selectively it’s impossible to deprive a person of slow sleep – too much percentage sleep time it takes. When you read little or no about people in need of sleep, it’s hard to believe that this “civilization stole from there are 16 hours of sleep per day. “It is known that Peter the Great, Faraday, Napoleon, Bekhterev and many other great and famous slept all 4-5 hours a day, while maintaining tremendous performance. Margaret Thatcher, being prime minister, slept only 4 hours. As many spends on a dream Mstislav Rostropovich. Famous traveler Fedor Grooms in extreme conditions exceeded all records wakefulness. During a trip around the world single yachtsmen decided to conduct an experiment “Sleep study, whose task was to determine the minimum of sleep, without which a person will not be able to be in those situations when required full return of forces and maximum concentration of attention. At the start of the port of Charleston (South Carolina, USA) on the hand of each yachtsman was a special sensor with a microchip in the form of a watch is fixed. After the first stage of the race of 16 yachts, 9 remained. Among them – two Our ships: Fedor Konyukhov and Viktor Yazykov. Length second stage of the race Cape Town (South Africa) – Auckland (New Zealand) 7 thousand nautical miles. Yachtsmen slept no more than 5-6 hours in day, but no one was even able to get closer to Konyukhov’s record, on throughout the regatta slept for 10-15 minutes every 2 hours. IN a total of 3–3.5 hours per day took him to sleep. After travel he was in good shape. People are divided into those who remember their dreams and who does not remember. Among the memorials there are such who sees in a dream that he is not sleeping. They are considered to be suffering false insomnia. Many similar cases are known, and about the most difficult told one of the researchers of sleep pathology – Peter Hori, Head of the Dartmouth Sleep Laboratory in Hanover New Hampshire). One student from Dartmouth slept for 8 hours each night, but during all periods of REM sleep he dreamed that he awake. In the morning he got up completely broken. Another case. IN A 70-year-old woman came to the laboratory, claiming that in all her life did not sleep more than 4 hours a night. It turned out that this woman’s dream extremely productive. Her brain reached stages 3 and 4 very quickly. slow sleep. Then, after about an hour and a half, the brain immediately for a short period entered into a fast sleep. Then again – deep slow sleep and fast sleep after it. And the awakening. Since her brain “skipped” the preliminary 1 and 2 stages with lightning speed, she didn’t It took more than 4 hours of sleep. She was completely healthy. Sometimes a person does not sleep well for many years, although the reasons that caused him insomnia, long gone. It is “functionally autonomous” insomnia. At one time for psychological or organic man hardly fell asleep. As a result of the night it became a torment for him, with its onset he was afraid not to fall asleep and I didn’t fall asleep precisely because I was afraid. Bed, pillow, night light and other bedroom items were not associated with sleep, but with tension and fear. Such sufferers sleep well in unfamiliar surroundings. There are so many reasons that interfere. to fall asleep. They say how many goals are so many varieties insomnia. May not sleep because the brain is poorly absorbed serotonin, this “sleeping nectar”, and possibly a disturbed process the formation of serotonin from tryptophan, a substance contained in milk, cheese, meat. Entered with food into the human body, tryptophan it is absorbed into the blood and turns into serotonin in the brain. To everyone it is known that hunger interferes with falling asleep, while a well-fed man is put to sleep. But if managed to fall asleep hungry, then popular observation claims that he who sleeps dines, because for some time the dream drowns out hunger … It happens that in the period preceding the transition to a slow sleep, involuntary startle occurs, “knees jump to the chin “and then the dream” flies away “, and encouraged by a startle then he cannot fall asleep for a long time. Insomnia may be a consequence constant pain or psychological causes. “Small children do not let you sleep, and you won’t fall asleep from large ones. “Which of the parents adult children do not know this? Or when to an unfortunate person who lost sleep, the words of the poet A.N. Apukhtina:
Black thoughts, like flies, haunt me all night, Sting, sting and circle over my poor head! Only drive one away, and in another heart dug in, – All life is remembered, so barren in dreams lived through!
Then there is nothing left but to resort to sleeping pills. A they tend to suppress one or another phase of sleep (natural sleeping pills have not yet been created). Do people believe not sleeping at all? If they exist, there are very few of them, few units all over the world. At one time I had to read about two well-documented cases where people are not at all needed a dream. One is an Italian peasant, the other is a resident Australia They were tested in sleep labs and made sure that they really never sleep. There have also been reports of unique mathematical abilities in little or no sleepers. For instance, about the Belgian Georges Mazouy, who took root in his mind in 30 seconds forty-seventh degree. This usually takes 10-12 hours. When he was 38 years old, he began to sleep poorly and took night hours math exercises. The next 30 years, he slept for 2 hours per day. He was a customs officer. It was reported in the late 1960s also about the Yugoslav peasant who received in childhood traumatic brain injury, after which ceased to sleep and manifested great ability in mathematics. In the magazine “Russian Antiquity” 1886 years, it was told about the approximate empress Elizabeth Petrovna, who stayed awake all night long at her chambers to warn in time of danger. Happy 10-15 minutes nap in a quiet the corner returned him strength …
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