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Ancient Egypt is one of the centers of human civilization, arising as early as the 4th millennium BC and existed for more than 4 thousand years. At the head of this huge state was the pharaoh. It is understood that it was a man, because even the feminine words “pharaoh” does not exist. And yet in the history of ancient Egypt were periods when the reins of government took over women, when powerful priests, military leaders, burnt palace intriguers bowed their heads before a woman and recognized her power over by myself.
Woman in Ancient Egypt
Which always impressed all travelers of antiquity in Egypt, so this is the position of women in society. Egyptians had rights oh which the Greek and Roman women could not even dream of. Egyptian women were legally vested with property and inheritance rights, along with a man they could conduct commercial and industrial activities, entered into contracts on their behalf and paid bills. We would say “recognized as the full owners of the small, medium and large businesses. ”
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The Egyptians ran cargo ships, were teachers, scribes. Aristocrats became officials, judges, rulers nomes (regions), ambassadors. The only areas where the Egyptians are not admitted were medicine and the army. But this is in doubt. IN the tomb of Queen Yahhotep among other ornaments were found two Order of the Golden Fly – awards for outstanding services on the field battlefield.
The wife of the pharaoh often became his adviser and closest assistant, along with him, ruled the state. Therefore there is nothing it is surprising that when the pharaoh died, the inconsolable widow took on the burden of government. History has kept us names several mistresses of ancient Egypt.
Nitocris (c. 2200 BC)
She is Neutikert (Excellent Nate) ruled Egypt for twelve years old. All these years, the beautiful Nate has managed to keep in iron reins all over the country. Egypt knew neither rebellion nor coups. Her death was a disaster for the country. Priests courtiers, officials and the military began to tear each other in the struggle for throne, and it lasted a half century (First Transitional period).
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Nefrussebek (c. 1763 – 1759 BC)
The name Nefrussebek meant “the beauty of Sebek.” (Sebek – a god with a head crocodile. Yes, the Egyptians had strange notions of beauty.) The rules did not last long, no more than 4 years, but during this time managed to become not only by the pharaoh, but also by the High Priestess and the supreme Commander-in-Chief, conduct a series of reforms and a victorious campaign in Nubia.
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To pacify the regional aristocracy, she married one from influential nomarchs (ruler of the nome, i.e. governor), but the title I kept Pharaoh to myself. A deceived husband hired a killer and he killed the queen.
Subsequent events showed how right Nefrusebek was, not trusting the management of the country to her husband. Newly Applicant the title of pharaoh failed to hold on to power. Egypt began an era civil wars and coups, which lasted about 250 years.
Hatshepsut (c. 1489-1468 BC)
Hatshepsut undoubtedly had both a will and a strong character. At the living male heir managed to seize the throne, announced herself a pharaoh, she took the name Maatkar and the priests crowned her as a man. During ceremonies, often put on an artificial beard, to really look like a male pharaoh. Preserved as “male” and “female” images of Queen Hatshepsut.
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Hatshepsut. Female and male options
It’s not clear how this masquerade was perceived by nobles and people Hatshepsut has achieved absolute power, which many did not have. male pharaohs became the greatest female ruler in history Ancient Egypt.
Her reign became the Golden Age for Egypt. Rural developed economy, the queen distributed free land to peasants and gave loans for the purchase of slaves. The abandoned cities were restored. Organized a research expedition to the country of Punt (current Somalia).
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Hatshepsut. Female pharaoh
Held several successful military companies, one trip (in Nubia) was headed by herself, i.e. proved herself also as a military leader. The memorial temple of Queen Pharaoh Hatshepsut, built on her orders is the pearl of Egypt along with the pyramids and is located under UNESCO protection.
Unlike other queens, Hatshepsut was able to create a mechanism succession and after her death the title and the throne safely accepted Thutmose III. This time Egypt did without cataclysms, which is superfluous time proves that Hatshepsut possessed state thinking.
Tausert (c. 1194–1192)
Tausert was the wife of Pharaoh Seti II. The marriage was childless. When Seti died, the second son of Seti Ramses-Saptahu seized power whose back was the keeper of the seal, the gray cardinal of Egypt, Bahia. However, after 5 years of the reign of the new pharaoh, Bai was accused of corruption and executed, and a year later from an incomprehensible illness died himself Ramses Saptahu. As you can see, Tausert was a decisive and did not suffer from excessive sentimentality.
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She ruled according to one data 2, according to others 7 years, but calm these years were not for Egypt. The country started a civil war. Tausert died for unknown reasons, but this is a civil war. didn’t stop. Her successor Pharaoh Setnacht with great difficulty brought in country order and resolved another political crisis in country.
Cleopatra (47-30 BC)
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The famous queen can be called a pharaoh with a big stretch. Egypt was Hellenized and did not resemble an ancient country. The reign of Cleopatra cannot be called successful. Egypt was the semi-colony of Rome, the legionnaires rampant in the country and ended all the war with Rome, which Cleopatra lost. Egypt lost the remnants of even a ghostly independence and became part of Roman empire. Thus Cleopatra was not only the last female pharaoh in the history of Egypt, but generally the last Egyptian Pharaoh.
Posted by Klim Podkova
War Time Egypt Pharaohs
