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The main trends according to the Massachusetts technological Institute.
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) every year publishes a list of ten technologies that can change our life for the better. This time, in particular, they hit him unbreakable internet, anti-aging and miniature medicines artificial Intelligence.
Unbreakable Internet (in five years)
A photo from open sources / Photo: Evgeny Pavlenko, Kommersant
Already this year, technology should appear that will forever will solve the problem of personal data security. Anyway, the Dutch scientists from the Technological University hope for this University of Delft. Now a team of researchers is working on the creation of an Internet network that brings together four cities Netherlands and will be entirely built on the basis of quantum technology computing. So far, they have managed to transmit information on such a network. at a distance of just over 1.5 km. By the end of the year they hope to create stable connection between Delft and The Hague, and in the next five years – a full-blown network.
Scientists use technology that is based on behavior atomic particles, known as quantum entanglement. Messages transmitted in this form through quantum networks cannot be secretly decrypted and read by someone. Any violation of the condition at least one of the photons will immediately lead to the destruction of all transmitted signal.
Earlier, scientists in China have already created an Internet connection with using this quantum technology however in their network traditional components were used, making it vulnerable to hacker attacks.
Hyperpersonalized Medicine (now)
A photo from open sources / Photo: Anatoly Zhdanov, Kommersant
Genetic engineering has reached a stage of development when scientists can detect abnormalities in human DNA and develop medical a tool that can help correct the ailment throughout one year. And we can talk about diseases that are “piece” and treatment of which no one has studied due to the lack of finished drugs. Now the doctors have all the necessary technologies to create a medicine for one specific person.
So far, cases where such drugs have been created, very few. But over time, confident in MIT, this practice will more common. The only obstacle to the spread of hyperpersonalized medicine – this is her high cost, given that the medicine will be developed for one person, and will continue to work on its creation whole laboratories.
Digital money (this year)
A photo from open sources / Photo: Evgeny Pavlenko, Kommersant
Already this year, the world’s first state digital currency. Several are fighting for the right to be first. countries, and Mark Zuckerberg generally wants to create one digital currency for all. But his project is still openly stalling because of the many claims of regulators from different countries. But the Central Bank of China is all set to launch the digital version of the renminbi. The process slows down so far only the spread of coronavirus, due to which, according to the statement Central Bank, the work of many government agencies was disrupted.
This week about the start of testing national e The Central Bank of Sweden also announced currencies. Once he became the first in the world who issued paper notes, and now wants to become a pioneer and in the digital age of money.
Anti-Aging Medicines (Less Than Five Years)
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A medicine that allows you to live forever until you invented it. But drugs that fight diseases caused by the process aging body, are already being tested in humans and in the coming years may appear on the market. These are senolitics – drugs, capable of identifying dead old cells and removing them from organism. The immune system usually deals with this process. person, but with age she copes with this task worse and worse the accumulation of dead cells causes inflammatory processes that leads to the occurrence of oncological diseases.
Nowadays, for example, it is engaged in trials of Senolitics in humans. American pharmaceutical company Unity Biotechnology. And the company Alkahest trying to cope with aging in another way – introducing the elderly blood cell components of young people. Thus company specialists expect to win or at least slow down the development of Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and dementia.
Artificial intelligence detecting molecules (in 3-5 years)
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Scientists Learn to Use Artificial Intelligence to Search molecules that can then become part of the new drug preparations. Trained neural networks can now examine huge databases of existing molecules in the world to discover those which may have useful properties for the treatment of those or other diseases.
So, in September, a team of researchers from Hong Kong Insilico Medicine and the University of Toronto with Artificial Intelligence found about 30 thousand new molecules with the necessary properties. A most recently scientists at the Massachusetts technological institutes became the first in the world who managed to find with artificial intelligence is a new antibiotic.
Satellite mega constellations (now)
A photo from open sources / Photo: Kristina Kormilitsyna, Kommersant
Tens of thousands of Earth communications satellites and broadband Internet anywhere in the world – if not our present, then already near future. And will make this idea a reality, Elon Musk and his SpaceX, which plans to launch 4.5 times more satellites than was done in the history of space exploration before launch of the Starlink project.
The first 60 Starlink satellites were launched last May. Now about 300 of these satellites are in orbit – SpaceX took first place in the world for this indicator. Total the company Ilona Mask received permission to put into orbit 12 thousand. such satellites and is trying to obtain permission to launch another 30 thousand President SpaceX Gwynn Shotwell promised that the satellite network will be launched in the middle of this of the year.
Quantum Excellence (5-10 years or more)
A photo from open sources / Photo: Dmitry Lebedev, Kommersant
In September 2019, Google announced the creation of a quantum computer that was able to exceed the capabilities of powerful on a modern silicon computer processors. The company said its processor is capable of 3 minutes and 20 seconds to perform the calculation for which the most powerful in the world of computer – Summit from the American company IBM – it would take about 10 thousand years. Thus, the company managed to achieve “quantum superiority.”
IBM questioned the authenticity of the numbers submitted by the competitor, stating that Google probably managed to increase computing speed a thousand times, but not at all declared 1.5 billion times. Anyway Google’s achievement was a historic moment. Now now manufacturers of quantum computers need to create devices, which will solve not a conditional mathematical problem, but perform really useful tasks. And this is problematic – after all the more qubits in a computer, the more difficult it is to maintain them in desired condition. Google experts are sure that the used technology will allow them to create a computer at 100 and 1000 qubits. Such a computer in theory will already be able to perform some Useful tasks for the average user. True, no one has yet knows which and how many qubits are necessary in principle for execution a quantum computer of the same tasks that are capable of today run regular pc.
Miniature Artificial Intelligence (now)
A photo from open sources / Photo: Anatoly Zhdanov, Kommersant
Traditionally, the creation and training of artificial intelligence associated with huge amounts of data and the need for constant connections to the cloud server. But technology companies and scientists learned how to create specialized microchips for AI, which are able to combine high computing power with compact size.
In addition, the AI itself now does not need constant contact with remote server. Google and Apple virtual assistants are no longer need a network connection. And this means that their response to voice commands became faster (as the intermediate stage disappeared connecting to the remote server and receiving a response from it), and user data does not leave his device, which increases level of security of handling personal data.
Differential privacy (now)
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The term “differential privacy” was introduced in 2006 American personal privacy specialist data by Cynthia Dvork. It means a set of mathematical methods, which allow you to determine the degree of loss of confidentiality partial disclosure of data to create information product.
For example, the US Census Bureau collects information on 330 million residents of the country, and then passes this data to representatives of the scientific community and authorities for analysis. However, transfer them in their pure form impossible, as this will lead to the disclosure of all personal data citizens. Therefore, “white noise” is added to the databases – part information is mixed between citizens so that it is impossible had to deanonymize. Moreover, the accuracy of statistical samples in groups should not be reduced as a result of such fraud. Differential privacy is just mathematical a model that allows you to find out to what extent mix data so that the samples remain useful and truthful. Such models already use Facebook, Apple and will used in 2020 by the United States Census Bureau. Now to this technologies are eyeing other countries.
Climate Change Attribution (Now)
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At the beginning of this decade, scientists could not accurately answer the question is whether these or other natural disasters are consequences global climate change. But in recent years, with the development of computer power and the ability of satellites in detail track natural phenomena, scientists have more opportunities for a clearer answer to this question. So, for example, the World Weather Attribution project launched two computer simulations of the world: in one case, global warming was, in the other – no. As a result, scientists found that tropical Imelda’s storm that struck Houston last year was direct a consequence of global climate change.
Determining the role of climate change from other factors, influencing the weather, will help predict what natural disasters, where and what strength can mankind expect. So people can prepare for upcoming shocks and avoid many casualties.
Author: Kirill Sarkhanyants
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