A photo from open sources At the head of Sparta was not one king, but two. These “kings” were not sovereign monarchs, but only generals and high priests. The real power was in in the hands of the Geronts, later of the Ephors. In general, Sparta was a gerontocracy. Public administration was carried out by gerusia – council of elders of 28 geronts and both kings. Each geront could not be younger than 60 years. The election of gerontos went like this: on election day, candidates, one after another, they appeared before the popular assembly. Special faces “electors” who were in a separate enclosed space and did not those who saw the candidates decided which of them the people met more loud greetings – these “worthy” and became gerontos. The popular assembly consisted of Spartans over 30 years old. Voted with cries of approval or disapproval, without counting, according to the principle: whoever shouts louder is right. Children in Sparta were in undivided ownership of the state. Right after they were subjected to a thorough search. Weak and crippled dumped into the abyss from the Taygetsky rock. Healthy children returned to parents who brought them up to 6 years. After six children were selected from their parents in favor of the state. The boys brought up under the supervision of special state overseers led by a pedon. Children were subjected to kind of deprivation, barely fed bad food, and sometimes purposely stained hunger. Those who tried to earn their own food independently, tracked down and severely punished. Kids clothes consisted of a simple flap of matter, and they always walked barefoot. Every year on the feast of Artemis (Diana, the goddess-hunter) of boys slaughtered to blood, sometimes to death; who survived became warrior. Such was the Spartan upbringing. Contrary to popular belief, the Spartans did not know the art of war, for example, they could not besiege fortified cities and fight on sea. All they were taught was to fight on foot, one on one and in the phalanx. Not a single Spartan had the right to eat at home. Everyone, not excluding kings, ate in the state canteens. once King Agis, returning after a grueling campaign, wished dine at home, but it was forbidden to him. National the Spartans had “black soup” – a soup of blood and vinegar. Mental activities in Sparta were not encouraged. People who tried to deal with them, declared cowards and driven out. Over the centuries Sparta didn’t give any philosopher to Hellas, orator, historian or poet. The Spartans did very little and by manual labor. All the rough work for them was done by public slaves. – helots. The oppression of slaves in Sparta was the strongest in all Greece. Sparta’s slaves were not blacks, they were not at all strangers, they were the same Greek Greeks, but subjugated and enslaved by the Spartans. However, not a single Spartan himself could own a slave (s). All helots were state property, and already it transferred slaves to individuals “for use”. The Spartans often forced the Helots to get drunk drunk, to sing obscene songs and dancing obscene dances. On this example “free citizens” of Sparta taught how to behave. Patriotic songs had the right to sing only the Spartans. State encouraged its citizens to spy on slaves. Young spartans specially sent to eavesdrop on the speeches of helots and all who seem suspicious, kill. The most powerful and brave slaves capable of to protest, they killed secretly. The Spartans made sure that the number helots did not exceed half a million, because otherwise slaves could become dangerous to the state. Of course, helots, that is, Greeks, turned into slaves, they fiercely hated their enslaver-Spartans. Lycurgus, the chief Spartan legislator, left at the end of his life Sparta Before leaving, he took an oath from his compatriots do not change anything in the laws until his return. To bind them Spartans tightly, Lycurgus did not return to his homeland, and voluntarily starved himself to starvation in a foreign land. At the end of its story Sparta, faithful to Lycurgus’s decrees, became exactly what he and wanted to save her – a society of the weak, depraved and incapable loafers.
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