A photo open source William Forstchen (R. Forstchen) is Professor at the Department of History and College Officer in Montreal (Montreat), North Carolina. He received his doctorate in Purdue University specializing in military history American Civil War and the history of technology. ”
Some time ago, his book “One Second After” was represented in Congress and before the House Committee Armed Forces, Congressman Roscoe Bartlett (R.-MD). The chairman of the chamber committee instructed to assess the threat of use electromagnetic pulse weapon (EMP) and also give realistic picture of potential damage in case of EMP use for the continental United States.
While the United States can improve prevention, protection and recovery in the face of EMP attacks below levels that would have disastrous for the nation, an EMP attack will still cause significant disruption, even with the most favorable circumstances. Many citizens will be left without electricity, communications and other services within a few days, and substantially more may be needed before full recovery time. This time interval will be critical to providing a reliable channel of information for all citizens to let them know what happened, what is the current situation when help will come and what kind of what their governments are doing; and to answer the questions, because if there is no answer, then the situation may become even more unstable and cause even more the suffering of affected individuals, communities and the nation as a whole. EMP and him the effects were observed in the USA and the USSR during atmospheric test programs in 1962. Figure 1 shows a nuclear outbreak explosion, not intended to generate EMP-at an altitude of about 400 kilometers over Johnston Island in the Pacific. Some electronic and electrical systems in Hawaii in 1400 kilometers were affected, resulting in a crash in street lighting, power supply system, operation circuit breakers, alarm operation, and damage to relays in telecommunication facilities.
During that test, the Soviet Union performed a series of nuclear explosions in which they used 300 weapons kilotons, at approximately 300, 150 and 60 kilometers at a landfill in South and Central Asia. They report that during each explosion they observed damage to aerial and underground cables at a distance of 600 kilometers. They also noted discharges, fires, sparking, breakdown of equipment in this period, failure and burnout fuses, accidents in power systems.
What is important to know about EMP attacks is that one or more high-altitude nuclear explosions can lead to EMP effects that potentially violate or damage electronic and electrical systems in most of the United States, almost simultaneously, just at the moment when it is determined enemy.
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Gamma rays from a high-altitude nuclear explosion interact with atmosphere and produce unique radio frequency waves, spatially different intensities that span everything in within line of sight from the central point of the explosion. First component (E1) is the free field of pulsed energy, increasing over time, and which is measured in the range from one billionths of a second to several billionths of a second. This is the “electromagnetic shock” that violates or damages electronic basis of control systems, sensors, communication systems, security systems, computers and similar devices. Their damage or functional impairment occurs mainly simultaneously on very large area as shown in the picture below.
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The average time component covers approximately the same the geographical area, like the first component, and looks like lightning in time dependent but much more widespread geographically and is characterized by lower amplitude. Generally, this item is not a critical issue for the most important infrastructure systems, as they have protection systems against random lightning strikes. The most significant risk is synergy because component E2 follows in fractions of a second after hitting the first component that could damage or destroy many protections and management functions. Energy related with the second component, therefore, can access systems and damage them. The ultimate core component of EMP is subsequent, slower growing, and longer impulse that creates destructive currents in long lines power lines, resulting in damage to transmission systems and electricity distribution associated with such lines (Fig. 3). The sequence E1, E2, E3, and then the components of the EMP are important, because that each of them can cause damage, and later damage may increase as a result of early damage. In the example shown in figures 2 and 3, about 70% of the total electrical United States capacities fall within the scope of EMP events.
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EMP Illustrative Effects – Slow Protection Impulse and rehabilitation of civilian infrastructure (Fig. 3) Professor the story of William P. Forststen discusses possible damage to EMP – event (electromagnetic pulse), and how can we prepare for such circumstances. There are actually two options for creating an EMP event, military or solar, explained he. Nuclear weapons continue to spread. In countries like Iran or North Korea is currently working on its creation, which means that the likelihood of what will be implemented high-altitude, at a distance of about 250 km above the earth atmosphere, an explosion that will cause electrostatic discharge, hit the surface of the earth, overload the power grid and cause failures in them, details Forstshen. USSR conducted EMP tests in 1962, and a power plant 500 miles from the center of the blast caught fire due to EMP overload, which penetrates the transmission lines, he gives an example.
Just a few days ago, we were amazed largest solar storm in five years, and NASA and NOAA predict a significant increase in the solar storm cycle in over the next 18 months, Forstshen noted. Big enough coronal mass ejection (CME) from the Sun can create a global, comprehensive EMP events, especially in the northern and southern latitudes. The Carington Event of 1859 affected telegraph lines, and “the energy output was so strong that the sleepers exploded in flames,” he said. Forstshen speaks to Congress for action defending America’s networks, such as those put forward by Congressman Roscoe Bartlett.
EMP electromagnetic pulse (EMP abbreviated) is a surge electromagnetic radiation. Sharp pulse of electromagnetic radiation usually results from certain types of explosions high energy, especially a nuclear explosion, or unexpected fluctuations in the magnetic field. As a result of rapidly changing electric and magnetic fields paired with electric / destructive currents and electronic systems can occur voltage as well as power surges. EMP blast mechanism on altitude 400 km: gamma rays fall into the atmosphere between an altitude of 20-40 km, throwing electrons, which then deviate away from Earth’s magnetic field. This makes emp electrons emitted covering large areas. Due to the curvature and tilt of the magnetic Earth field down at US location, maximum EMP hit accounts for the south of detonation and the minimum – to the north.
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In military terminology, the explosion of a nuclear warhead in a hundred kilometers above the Earth’s surface is known as a high-altitude device electromagnetic pulse (HEMP). HEMP exposure is dependent on a very large number of factors, including detonation heights, energy output, gamma ray output, interaction with magnetic field of the Earth, and electromagnetic shielding of targets. “Readiness” refers to a state of being prepared for specific or unpredictable events or situations. “Preparedness” is an important quality in achieving goals and preventing and mitigating negative consequences. It is one of the main stages of emergency situations, and is especially appreciated in areas based on competition, such as sports and military sciences. Preparation methods include research, evaluation, planning, resource allocation, education, practice and training. Survivalism is movement of individuals or groups (the so-called “survivors” – “survivalists” or “preppers”) who are actively preparing for emergency situations, as well as possible disruptions in social or political purposes, ranging from local to international. Survivors are often able to provide emergency medical care and trained in self-defense techniques, have food supplies and water, self-sufficient and create structures that will help them survive or “disappear” (for example, an underground shelter). Alleged Violations include the following: Disaster Clusters, Models apocalyptic planetary crisis, or Earth Changes (tornadoes, hurricanes, earthquakes, snow storms, solar storms, severe thunderstorms). Disaster caused by human activities (spill of chemicals, release of radioactive materials, nuclear or conventional wars, oppressive governments). General collapse societies caused by a lack or lack of resources such as electricity, fuel, food or water. Financial disturbances or economic collapse (caused by monetary manipulation, hyperinflation, deflation, or depression). Global pandemic. Widespread chaos or other unexplained apocalyptic events.
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