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It’s no secret that the climate of our planet is changing, and recently, this has been happening very quickly. In Africa snow is falling, and in our latitudes an incredible amount is observed in the summer heat. Many different theories have already been put forward about the causes and the likely consequences of such a change. Some talk about the future. apocalypse, others convince that there is nothing wrong with that. Let’s see what are the causes of climate change, who is to blame and what to do? The melting of the Arctic ice is to blame … The Arctic ice that covers the Arctic Ocean is not allowed to freeze in winter residents of temperate latitudes. “Abbreviation Arctic ice areas are directly related to heavy snowfalls winter in temperate latitudes and incredible heat in summer, “says Stephen Wavrus, Senior Research Fellow, Institute of Environmental Nelson’s research. Scientist explained that heated areas over temperate areas and cold arctic air created a certain difference in atmospheric pressure. Masses air moved from west to east, making the ocean move currents and generating a strong wind. “Now the Arctic is moving into a new condition, “says scientist David Titley, who worked for the Navy USA. He noted that the process of melting ice is very fast, and to In 2020, the Arctic will be completely free of ice in the summer. Recall that Antarctica and the Arctic operate as huge air conditioners: any weather anomalies quickly enough moved and destroyed by winds and currents. Lately due to melting ice, air temperature in the polar regions increases, so the natural mechanism of “mixing” the weather stops. As a result, weather anomalies (heat, snowfalls, frosts or downpours) “get stuck” in one area much longer than before Global warming on Earth UN experts predict our planet in the near future disasters due to global warming. Today everyone has already begun get used to the crazy pranks of the weather, realizing that with the climate something is out of place. The main threat is human production activities since the atmosphere a lot of carbon dioxide is emitted. According to some theories experts, this delays the thermal radiation of the Earth, leading to overheating, resembling a greenhouse effect. Over the past 200 years the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere increased by a third, and the average temperature on the planet rose by 0.6 degrees. Behind the temperature in the northern hemisphere of the planet increased more than in the previous thousand years. If on Earth the same the pace of industrial growth then towards the end of this century humanity global climate change threatens – temperature will rise by 2-6 degrees, and the oceans will rise by 1.6 meters. Yakutia приручила экстремальный климат Чтобы этого неhappened, the Kyoto Protocol was developed, the main purpose of which is the limitation of carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere. Should note that warming in itself is not so dangerous. Will return to us climate, which was 50 centuries BC. Our civilization in those comfortable conditions developed normally. Not warming dangerous, and its suddenness. Climate change happens like this quickly that do not leave humanity time to adapt to these new conditions. Climate change will be hardest hit residents of Africa and Asia, who are also experiencing now demographic boom. As noted by Robert Watson, Executive Director UN expert group, warming will negatively impact agriculture, there will be terrible droughts that will cause lack of drinking water and various epidemics. In addition, sharp climate change leads to the formation of devastating typhoons, which in recent years have become more frequent. Consequences of global warming effects can be really catastrophic. Deserts will grow, floods and storms will become more often, fever and malaria will spread. In Asia and Africa yields will drop significantly, but in Southeast Asia they will grow up. Floods will increase in Europe, Holland and Venice will leave into the deep sea. New Zealand and Australia will languish from thirst, and the east coast of the United States will be in the zone destructive storms, coastal erosion will be observed. Ice drift in The northern hemisphere will begin two weeks earlier. The ice cover of the Arctic will decrease by about 15 percent. IN Antarctica ice will recede by 7-9 degrees. Also melt tropical ice in the mountains of South America, Africa and Tibet. Migratory birds will spend more time in the north.
What should Russia expect?
Russia, according to some scholars, will suffer from global warming is 2-2.5 times stronger than the rest of the planet. This is due to the fact that the Russian Federation is buried in the snow. White reflects the sun, and black – on the contrary, attracts. Ubiquitous melting snow will result in a change in reflectivity and will cause additional heating of the land. As a result, in Arkhangelsk will be able to grow wheat, and in St. Petersburg – watermelons. Global warming could hit economy hard Russia, as permafrost begins to melt under the cities of Extreme North, where the pipelines are located, on which our economy.
What to do?
Now the issue of carbon control in the atmosphere is decided using the quota system provided by Kyoto protocol. Under this system, the governments of various countries set emission limits for energy and other enterprises substances polluting the atmosphere. First of all, it concerns carbon dioxide. These permissions can be freely bought and sold. For example, some industrial enterprise has reduced the volume of emissions, as a result of which they formed a “surplus” of quotas.
They sell these surpluses to other enterprises, which are cheaper to buy them, rather than take real measures to reduce emissions. Dishonest businessmen earn good money on this money. This approach does little to improve the situation. climate. Therefore, some experts suggested introducing a direct tax on carbon dioxide emissions.
However, this decision was never made. Many converge in the opinion that quotas or taxes are ineffective. Necessary stimulate the transition from fossil fuels to innovative energy technologies that would have little or no increased the content of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Two economists from McGill University
Christopher Green and Isabelle Galyana recently presented the project, in which was proposed to allocate annually one hundred billion dollars to research in energy technology. Money for it can be levied on carbon tax. These funds enough to introduce new production technologies that would did not pollute the atmosphere. According to economists, every dollar spent on research, will help to avoid 11 dollars. damage from climate change.
There is another way. He is difficult and expensive, but he can completely solve the problem of melting glaciers, if all countries The Northern Hemisphere will act decisively and together. Some experts suggest creating in the Bering Strait hydraulic structure capable of regulating water exchange between Arctic
Pacific and Atlantic oceans. In some circumstances, it should act like a dam and prevent the passage of water from Pacific Ocean to the Arctic, and in other circumstances – as a powerful pumping station that will pump water from Of the Arctic Ocean to the Pacific. This maneuver artificially creates an end to the ice age. The climate is changing. every inhabitant of our Earth feels on itself. Moreover, it is changing quickly. Therefore, countries need to unite and find optimal solutions to overcome this problem. After all, they will suffer from climate change is everything.
Russian scientists do not always agree with forecasts and hypotheses of their western colleagues. “Pravda.Ru” asked comment on this topic the head of the climatology laboratory Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Doctor of Geographical Sciences Andrei Shmakin:
– Only non-specialists speak about cooling, non-meteorologists. If you read our hydrometeorological reports, there clearly talking about ongoing warming.
What awaits us all is unknown to anyone. Now coming warming. The consequences are very different. There are positive, there are also negative. In Russia, simply warming is more pronounced than in many other regions of the world, this is true, and the consequences may be positive and negative. What effect, what pluses – this must be carefully considered.
Say a negative thing is yes, thawing permafrost, spread of diseases, there may be some increase in forest fires. But there is a positive one too. This is a reduction in cold season, extension of the growing season, increase productivity of grasses and grass communities, and forests. Many of the most different consequences. Opening the North Sea Route for navigation, lengthening this navigation. And this is not done on the basis of some hasty statements.
– How fast is climate change?
– This is a slow process. To him, in any case, you can adapt and develop adaptation measures. This is a process the scale of several decades, at least, or even more. Is not the fact that tomorrow – “everything, krants, grab bags – the station leaves”, there is no such.
“Does our scientists have a lot of work on this?”
– Many. To get started, take a report a few years ago entitled “Climate Change Assessment Report in Russia.” is he was published by the Russian hydrometeorological service with the participation of scientists of the RAS and universities. This is a serious analytical work, everything is there examined how the climate is changing, what are the consequences for different regions of Russia.
– Can you slow down this process? Kyoto Protocol, for example?
– The Kyoto Protocol in a practical sense brings results extremely few, namely those stated in it – affect climate change, it is practically ineffective. Just because that the emission reductions it provides are extremely small, they practically do not affect the overall global picture of these elections. is he just not effective.
Another thing is that he paved the way for agreements in this area. This was the first agreement of its kind. If then the parties actively acted and tried to work out new agreements, then this could bring some results. Have now become act new documents instead of the Kyoto Protocol, he finished its action. And they are still just as ineffective in mostly. Some countries have no restrictions at all, some have very small emission limits. And it’s hard in general technologically, because completely switch to such technologies, in order not to produce any emissions into the atmosphere, practically impossible. This is a very expensive event, nobody will go. Therefore, rely only on this …
– What are some other measures?
– Firstly, it is not considered absolutely established, which in general man has such a strong influence on the climate system. Is he, Of course it does, it’s certain, but the degree of this influence is issue of discussion. Different scientists stick to different points view.
The measures should basically be apparently adaptive. because that even without any human being, the climate still changes in its domestic laws. Mankind just needs to be ready for climate change in different directions and taking into account the effects which this can give rise to. Sergey Vasilenkov
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