Photo from open sources
Many mysteries of volcanoes still remain undiscovered in the power of the impossibility of a direct study of these objects. Scientists are not always can predict an eruption, and the main way to deal with it is to passive measures remain – evacuation of the population from the dangerous area and the termination of air traffic. Icelandic volcano eruption Eyjafjädlajökull in 2010 led to a temporary closure airspace of many European countries for flights. Supervisory authorities feared that volcanic ash could damage aircraft engines flying planes and lead to tragedy.
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Photo: Underwater Volcano
Authoritative European in the history of geographical discoveries Mariners have more than once plotted on maps observed on the horizon, islands that disappeared without a trace at the time of the next marine expeditions sailing to these areas. What is amazing such stories took place in the southern seas where the icebergs that from afar, you can take for the islands, simply not. Probably for most of these mysterious cases are responsible … underwater volcanoes. With strong eruptions of submarine volcanoes to the surface whole islands from floating volcanic pumice can surface, which after some time (from several days to several months) split into pieces and drown. In October 2012 New Zealand Navy officially announces discovered in the Pacific Ocean a drifting island from a volcanic pumice stones with an area of 26 thousand (!) square kilometers, which is comparable with the area of Belgium. However, new volcanoes that are born under water, can give life to ordinary islands. In 1963 after the eruption an underwater volcano off the coast of Iceland appeared the small island of Surtsey, named after the mythological fire giant named Surtur. In 2008, the island of Surtsey was UNESCO World Heritage Site. Active volcanoes can threaten not only certain areas of large states, but also entire island civilizations and territories. For a long time it was believed that Santorin volcano eruption causes death developed civilization of Crete. Actually minoan civilization was able to survive for about a century, after a series of collapsed natural disasters (eruption, tsunami, earthquake). But she was weakened so much that she was soon captured by the Achaeans (ancient Greek tribe), having lost political independence and cultural identity. In 1995, volcanic eruption Monastery of Soufriere Hills (overseas possession Great Britain) destroyed the capital city of Plymouth. Government moved to the village of Brades. Two-thirds of residents left Montserrat for two years after the eruption. Afflicted by volcano eruption southern part of the island is still closed territory.
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Soufriere Hills Volcano Photo
The largest volcanoes (supervolcanoes) can “sleep” for millennia, but in the case of “awakening” their activity can be incredible. The greatest concern among scientists is the volcano (Yellowstone caldera) located in Yellowstone Park in the United States. Some Calculations predict its massive eruption in the 21st century. It can radically change the Earth’s climate, due to the “volcanic winter “(atmospheric pollution by volcanic ash) leading to global cooling.
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Photo of the Yellowstone Caldera volcano, which can in any moment to explode.
Of all the countries of the world, the largest number of volcanoes on their The territory boasts Indonesia. They are here according to various sources from 400 to 500. Causes of volcanoes (occurrence and eruptions) can consist not only in natural geological processes, but also in human activity. In addition to the well-known lava volcanoes, there are so-called mud volcanoes. In 2006 began eruption of a mud volcano in Sidoarjo (Indonesia). Reason for him The beginning was the unsuccessful drilling of a test well. Streams hot mud destroyed several surrounding villages and factories. More eleven thousand people were forced to relocate to others areas.
Island Volcanoes Time
